How to prevent fungal diseases of edible fungi
Causes：
1. Incomplete sterilization
① During atmospheric pressure sterilization, the bacteria bottles (bags) in the sterilizer are too densely discharged, the temperature rises too fast, and the cold air is not exhausted, resulting in false pressure. The air supply volume of the boiler does not match the capacity of the atmospheric pressure sterilizer and the sterilized material; the temperature in the bacteria bag does not reach 100°C within 4 hours after the boiler is ignited. During the sterilization process, the steam sterilization method on the boiler was used, and the temperature was not continuously maintained above 100°C.
② During high-pressure sterilization, the discharge of bacteria bags (bottles) in the sterilization pot is too dense, the pipeline of the sterilization boiler is too long, and the insulation of the pipeline is insufficient. If the cold air in the pipeline is not removed first, it enters the pot directly, and the steam entering is not saturated steam; the cold air is not removed.
③ Corncobs, large particles of sawdust and other raw materials that are not easy to absorb moisture should not be pre-wetted in advance, and the mixing time should be extended, otherwise it is easy to cause incomplete sterilization due to the inability to absorb moisture inside the large particles.
④ Soaking wheat grains too wet and packing too loose can lead to incomplete sterilization and endogenous pollution.
2. Inoculation contamination
The inoculation was performed under the FFU laminar flow hood in the purification room of the assembly line. The number of settled bacterial colonies in the purification room was not checked frequently, the area did not reach the thousand-level standard, the aseptic operation was not strict, and the inoculation environment was not clean.
3. Insufficient inoculum
The mycelium growth rate of some fungi is relatively slow, the amount of inoculation is insufficient, and the mycelia cannot occupy the absolute advantage as soon as possible.
4. Bacterial infection
① Use liquid strains for inoculation. When the inoculation gun sprays liquid strains, the splash of the bacterial liquid may cause pollution; if the inoculation is not cultivated under purified air, pollution is likely to occur.
② After inoculation, it is placed in the culture library, and the purification in the library is too low, causing the mold to be polluted with the exchange of internal and external gases.
③ Use inferior bacteria bags, or cause the bacteria bags to be damaged during bagging and handling. After 5-15 days of cultivation, there will be star-like scattered plaques on the surface of the material or around the surface of the bacteria bags.
Prevention methods：
1. The compost should be fresh and dry, with reasonable formula, moderate water content, tight packing and tight sealing. Raw materials that are not easy to penetrate moisture, such as corn cobs and large particles of wood chips, need to be pre-wetted in advance, or the mixing time should be extended to prevent incomplete sterilization due to the inability to penetrate moisture inside the large particles. The sterilization process is monitored in real time to ensure complete sterilization.
2. Strictly check the quality of the strains and increase the dosage of the strains appropriately.
3. The whole process of inoculation should be performed aseptically, and the inoculated bacteria bag should be handled gently in and out to prevent the bacteria bag from being damaged.
4. Do a good job of environmental sanitation inside and outside the cultivation room and mushroom production site, and dispose of waste in a timely manner. The disinfectants used in the cultivation room should be used frequently in rotation to prevent bacteria from developing drug resistance.
5. If miscellaneous bacteria are found during the cultivation process, they should be dealt with in time. During the cultivation process, they should be inspected every 5-7 days to eliminate the miscellaneous bacteria at the stage of spotting; the bacteria that are particularly seriously polluted should be destroyed immediately.
6. For the old mushroom sheds that were infected with Neurospora in the previous season, they can also be fumigated with special chemicals before the cultivated species enter the shed to prevent the recurrence of Neurospora.