What are the technical points of growing shiitake mushrooms?
The first point is to understand the characteristics of bacteria and prevent introduction errors. Before planting, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of the bacteria and select suitable varieties, so as to arrange the inoculation season and calculate the scheduled inoculation time.
The second point is to understand the characteristics of mycelium maturity to prevent blind bag removal. If the bag is removed too early, the mycelium has not reached physiological maturity, and there will be more mutant mushrooms. Physiological maturation of hyphae should grasp "one bacterial age, three standards". "A bacterial age" means about 60 days from the date of inoculation. The "three criteria" are: the vesicular hyphae with tumor-like protrusions in the bag account for 2/3 of the entire bag surface; brownish-brown parts appear; the fungus bag feels soft and elastic in the hand, and it is suitable to take off the bag at this time.
The third point is to master the law of color change to prevent the temperature from getting out of control. During the color change period, pay attention to the temperature change. The first 3 days are within 25°C, and the cover film on the mushroom bed does not need to be uncovered for ventilation. Under normal circumstances, the color change ends in 12 days, and the first tide mushroom appears after 3 days. Color change requires a temperature not lower than 12°C and not higher than 25°C. The optimum temperature for fruiting is 15°C.
The fourth point is to master the principle of temperature change to prevent insufficient temperature difference stimulation. The temperature change is appropriate, the mushrooms are more, the shape is good, and there are no deformed mushrooms. The correct temperature changing method is to cover the mushroom bed with a film during the day, and uncover the film for 1 hour after 12 o'clock in the evening, so that the temperature difference between day and night is above 10°C, and a large number of mushroom buds will occur. It is required to continuously change the temperature for 3-4 days after the color change.
The fifth point is to immerse in appropriate amount of water in time. Prevent water humidity from being too high or too low. When the water content of the fungus tube is lower than 40%, it is difficult to produce mushrooms and there are many small mushrooms. Generally, the weight of the bacteria cylinder can be reduced by 30% compared to the original, and the water can be soaked, and it is enough to reach 95% of the weight when the bag is made after absorbing water. If the water is too full, it will easily cause mycelia to have difficulty breathing, which will affect the normal growth of mushrooms.
The sixth point is that the method of promoting mushrooms should be appropriate to prevent dryness and humidity after each batch of mushrooms is harvested. The film must be uncovered and ventilated for 6-7 days, so that the mycelium can absorb enough oxygen to restore the growth ability, and then turn to spray water to moisturize, alternately dry and wet, and urge the next tide mushroom bud to occur.
The seventh point is to harvest at the right time to prevent overcooking. Harvest when the mushroom cap has curled edges and the mushroom handle is moderate. Pick mushrooms once a day. During the peak mushroom production period in spring, sometimes you have to pick twice a day.
For each mushroom stick, if the management is not proper, the proportion of defective mushrooms may reach more than half, which greatly reduces the price of mushroom farmers. Therefore, we should manage every small link, increase the proportion of high-quality mushrooms, and maximize the profit of each mushroom stick.