Common pest and disease control techniques for edible mushrooms
There are many kinds of edible mushrooms, high nutritional value, good taste, very popular, the production of common pests and diseases, mainly: miscellaneous bacteria, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and pests. Prevention always adhere to the "prevention-oriented, integrated prevention and control" approach to all kinds of pests and diseases to take integrated control measures to ensure the harmless production of edible mushrooms.
1、Competitive miscellaneous bacteria control
1.1 Occurrence characteristics
Competitive weeds mainly have green mold, Penicillium, Streptomyces, etc., occurring in high temperature and high humidity poorly ventilated mycorrhiza, in the culture substrate and edible mycelium competition for growth, competition for nutrients and living space and inhibit the growth of edible mycelium causing harm.
1.2 Prevention and treatment methods
Select mature culture material and adjust it to weak alkaline, add 0.1%~0.2% carbendazim or clothianidin to the ingredients, sterilize and sterilize strictly, increase the ventilation of the mushroom shed. When mushroom emerges, prevent high temperature and high humidity from not ventilating. After the disease is found, remove the moldy spot in time, cover the onset part with lime water and apply 0.2% carbendazim or 0.1% methyltobutyrin solution around, which can effectively control its harm.
2, fungal disease control
2.1 Occurrence characteristics
The fungal disease on edible mushroom is mainly soft rot. When the disease develops, white mycelium appears on the surface of the mushroom bed, and later turns into watery red. Under low temperature and high humidity, the infected mushroom body is deformed and turns brown until soft rot. Golden mushroom and flat mushroom are susceptible to this disease.
2.2 Prevention and treatment methods
Secondary fermentation of the culture material, pasteurization of the mulch for 30 minutes, enhanced ventilation and air permeability. Reduce the humidity of soil and air, remove the diseased mushrooms immediately and concentrate on them, and spray 500 times of methomyl or dextran in the diseased area for better prevention.
3. Control of bacterial diseases
3.1 Characteristics of occurrence
Bacterial disease is mainly bacterial spot disease, also known as brown spot disease. It is easy to occur under high temperature and high humidity, low temperature and high humidity, and poor ventilation of mushroom shed. At the beginning of the disease, small brown spots of irregular pinhead size appear on the mushroom cap, and then expand to ovate and gradually become dark brown until dark brown, causing deformation and cracking of the mushroom cap when the disease is serious. Brown spot disease mostly occurs on double spore mushroom, golden needle mushroom and flat mushroom.
3.2 Prevention and treatment methods
Strictly disinfect the mulch and clean with water, control the relative humidity of air at 85%~90%, pay attention to ventilation after each spraying to prevent the surface of mushroom cap from accumulating water for a long time and being in lake wet state, remove the diseased part in time once it develops, then spray streptomycin or aqueous solution of bleach containing 150mg/L. Spray with 0.1% aqueous solution of gramoxone on the flat mushroom.
4. Insect pests
4.1 Characteristics of occurrence
The main pests on edible mushrooms are mushroom flies and mushroom mosquitoes, all of which are larvae that affect mycelium colonization and fungus. At the same time, the adult pest carries pathogenic bacteria, and is a vector for nematodes, mites and other harmful organisms. The mushroom fly only needs 14 hours to complete the whole life history (from egg to fly) at 24℃, and it occurs in early autumn and late spring in mushroom sheds: mushroom mosquitoes in warm and humid environment, the larvae can reproduce asexually, and the amount of insects increases dramatically in a short period of time, causing harm.
4.2 Prevention and treatment methods
The mushroom fly is attracted by the fragrance of mushroom shed and has a tendency to light, so it can be set up insect-proof net in the ventilation hole of mushroom shed. Spray dichlorvos at the door, window and air permeable film. Adding 5% diazinon granules 1000g per ton when mixing fermentation can effectively eliminate mushroom flies and mushroom mosquitoes without residual toxicity to edible mushrooms: spraying space, wall and bed frame with 2.5% cyanogen bromide polyester 2500~3000 times per 100 square meters of area, which can achieve harmless control effect.