How do shiitake mushrooms become premium mushrooms?
1. Temperature difference.
The temperature difference required for premium mushroom cultivation refers to the difference between the temperature inside the mycelium of the cultivation bag and the outside air temperature. When cultivating premium mushrooms in winter, due to the low temperature, the fruiting body is exposed to low temperature, and the fruiting body shrinks due to the cold, and the cold temperature becomes a condition to control the expansion of the fruiting body. At this time, the temperature of the mycelium is increased to make the mycelium full of vitality, and a large amount of nutrients are transported to the fruiting body. When the nutrients are excessively accommodated in the cold-shrunk fruiting body cells, the cell walls will burst and form premium mushrooms. The faster, deeper and larger the fruiting body cells burst, the better the premium mushroom color quality is.
2. Dry and wet difference.
The difference between dryness and humidity here refers to the difference between internal and external humidity, that is, the humidity of the fruiting body itself is inversely proportional to the humidity of the outside air. The water required for the fruiting body of mushrooms is all supplied by the cultivation material, so in the growth period of the fruiting body, it is necessary to ensure sufficient water for the mycelium.
Why is it said that the humidity inside and outside the fruiting body must be inversely proportional? Because the greater the water in the fruiting body, the more flexible the cell wall of the fruiting body, the premium mushroom will not be able to form. At this time, because the fruiting body is dry outside, it can consume the water of the fruiting body, so that the cell wall of the fruiting body loses water and is in a state of contraction and brittleness. In this way, the mycelium transports water and nutrients to the fruiting bodies at the same time. The water is evaporated while the nutrients are accumulated in the cells, and the cell walls shrink and become brittle due to water loss. When the nutrient substance accumulates beyond the capacity, the cell wall is broken and becomes a premium mushroom.
3. Light contrast.
Light is one of the indispensable conditions for the growth of shiitake mushrooms, but the mycelium growth stage belongs to the anaerobic stage, that is, the mycelium grows best in the absence of light.
The growth of fruiting body needs a certain amount of scattered light, but strong light is not good for the differentiation of mycelium or fruiting body. However, it is to use this light difference between advantages and disadvantages to cultivate premium mushrooms, but it has a certain effect.
The light difference referred to here is the difference between strong light and no light, the difference between day and night. Because strong light has the effect of inhibiting the growth of mycelia, when the fruiting body is exposed to strong light, the growth of the mycelium is hindered due to annoyance of strong light, and the growth of the fruiting body is also inhibited because of insufficient water and nutrients. When the light disappears at night, the mycelium is particularly vigorous in complete darkness, accelerates growth and produces various enzymes to decompose matrix nutrients, so that a large amount of nutrients are transported into the fruiting body cells. Due to the strong light stimulation during the day, the fruiting body cells cannot grow and the water evaporates, and the cold air at night makes the fruiting body cells shrink, and the mycelium efficiently transports nutrients to the fruiting body cells in large quantities. Soon the cell wall of the fruiting body will be oversized and cracked into patterns.